Bullismo e cyber bullismo: due forme di violenza a confronto: Cause, conseguenze e strategie di intervento

Abstract

Bullying is one of the most alarming and dangerous forms of violence to which young people are exposed almost daily. Media and web increasingly testify beatings, mocking attitudes, scams and sexual harassment, by one or more aggressors against one or more victims. Bullying differs from other forms of violence due to its peculiar characteristics: intentionality, repetition and asymmetry of power between victim and executioner. The purpose of this research is to know and deeply make known the phenomenon of bullying in all its forms: verbal, physical, psychological and electronic. All this through a detailed investigation of the possible causes, consequences for the victim and the bully, the role of observers and the most effective intervention strategies. In particular, it was decided to verify the incidence of factors such as: the family environment, the school climate, the social context and individual characteristics, on the development or not of a violent personality tending to exert power and oppression. The survey examined the spread of bullying in two different areas of the Italian territory: the north and south of the country, through a careful analysis of the data, detected thanks to anonymous questionnaires in two sample schools, one located in the north and one in the south. The research, in addition to pointing out the validity of some interventions carried out in recent years and in different countries, highlights and supports the need to resort to interventions based on a systemic approach in each school. Only through the involvement of all the operators and users of the school, the families and the external agencies, it is possible to implement preventive measures and actions to contrast the phenomenon, which are really effective and able of reducing, in a visible manner, the spread and propagate of all forms of violence among minors.