Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Metabolism under Adverse Environmental Conditions: a Review
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Lao Arenas, María Teresa; Garcia Caparros, Pedro; De Filippis, Luigi; Gul, Alvina; Hasanuzzaman, Mirza; [et al.]Fecha
2020-12-01Resumen
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) originate as a natural byproduct in standard metabolism of oxygen activities. The principal sites of ROS generation in the cell are apoplast, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes. These ROS can induce cellular injuries by proteins oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage, which finally may result in plant cellular death. Under regular circumstances, there is a steadiness between generation and elimination of ROS, but this balance is hampered by different biotic and abiotic stress factors such as exposure to heavy metals, high and low-light conditions, pathogens, insects and temperature extremes, resulting in a high generation of ROS which should be counteracted by the antioxidant machinery in cells. The antioxidant system of defense is composed by two groups: (i) Enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), general peroxidases (PRX) (e.g. guaiacol peroxidase GPX), glutathione reductase (...
Palabra/s clave
Abiotic and biotic stress
DNA damage
Lipid peroxidation
Molecular genetics
Protein oxidation
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Stress response