Electrophysiological correlates of the differential outcomes effect in visual short-term memory
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Carmona Lorente, Isabel María; Ortells Rodríguez, Juan José; Kiefer, Markus; Fernández Estévez, María De Los AngelesDate
2020-09Abstract
The differential outcomes procedure (DOP) consists in applying a specific outcome after each discriminative stimulus-correct response pairing, leading to improved performance in both memory and learning tasks (faster acquisition and/or higher response accuracy), compared to the non-differential outcomes procedure (NOP). The main aim of this study was to explore the electrophysiological correlates (ERPs) of the DOP in a visual short-term memory task, and to test whether a differential activation pattern would be observed depending on the outcomes condition (DOP vs. NOP). The ERP signals showed differences between both outcomes condition in all three phases of the short-term memory task: encoding, maintenance and retrieval. Our results are in accordance with the view that in the DOP condition the probe stimulus triggers a representation of the unique outcome, which remains active over the maintenance period (prospective process). In the NOP condition, in contrast, a representation of the...
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Differential outcomes procedure