Long-term effects on the agroecosystem of using reclaimed water on commercial crops
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García Valverde, Mar![University of Almería authority University of Almería authority](/themes/Mirage2/images/autoridades/autoridad.png)
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Date
2023-02-10Abstract
The use of reclaimed water for crop irrigation has been proposed as a suitable alternative for farmers in the coastal areas of Mediterranean countries, which suffer from greater water scarcity. In this work we study the impact on the water-soil-plant continuum of using reclaimed water for commercial crops irrigated over a long period, as well as the human risks associated with consuming the vegetables produced. Forty-four CECs were identified in the reclaimed water used for crop irrigation. Of these, twenty-four CECs were identified in the irrigated soil samples analysed. Tramadol, ofloxacin, tonalide, gemfibrozil, atenolol, caffeine, and cetirizine were the pharmaceuticals detected at the highest levels in the water samples (between 11 and 44 μg/L). The CECs with the highest average soil concentrations were tramadol (14.6 μg/kg), followed by cetirizine (13.2 μg/kg) and clarithromycin (12.7 μg/kg). In the irrigated vegetable samples analysed over the study period, carbamazepine, lidoca...
Palabra/s clave
Química ambiental
Irrigation water
Contaminants of emerging concern
Irrigated soils
Bioaccumulation factor
Human risks
Circular economy